Sunday, December 9, 2012

Essay #9: "Are famous people treated unfairly by the media? Should they be given more privacy, or is the price of their fame an invasion into their private lives?"






 TMZ, ONTD, PEP – these are not just senseless letters put together, nor are they some sort of IM language like "LOL" but rather, they are celebrities’ worst nightmare come to life! Tabloids, gossip blogs and talk shows are just some of the ways ordinary people get a glimpse of the glitz and glamour of the celebrity life. With the advent of social networking, prying to the personal lives of superstars and high profile individuals are becoming easier by the second.

  These celebrities should be given privacy. In fact, many celebrities' lives are destroyed because of these paparazzi. Celebrities also endure the shame and embarrassment whenever they are caught on camera unexpectedly. These paparazzi will not stop until they will get something out of this people even though they are already rude to them. The paparazzi should be careful when it comes to interviewing celebrities. Celebrities may be rich, but they also have feelings and should be given privacy.
Boast: 2dayFM still have the footage advertising the stunt that has triggered revulsion around the world 
Take for instance the two Australian DJ’s who prank called King Edward VII Hospital where Duchess Catherine of Cambridge was confined for severe morning sickness, with the intention of obtaining details on her alleged pregnancy. The receptionist and Kate’s nurse fell ill to this foolish prank and gave away privileged information about Kate’s condition. The radio station argued that such ploys have been done by countless of radio stations before and is just a harmless fun joke. However, nobody could foreseen that the nurse involved would actually take her life away just for a supposedly harmless trick.

 Instances like this make me wonder, how far is too far? I know that there is a very thin line between information gathering and interfering with someone’s private life. If a simple prank call can lead a person to commit suicide then how are we to say that paparazzi stalking or twitter bashing is okay? They say that the prize of fame is an inside scoop on your personal life. I mean, aren't the media/paparazzi’s just doing their job trying to find the next big headline or in our generation, the latest top trending topic? 


 But the thing is, while celebrities are indeed public figures they do not owe the viewing public a play by play of their daily lives. They may share bits and pieces of who they are outside of their famous lifestyle but their main job is to entertain or serve the public (in the case of politicians and royals). Although gossiping about them is kind of amusing at times, they are also human beings with rights that entitle them to a certain degree of privacy.

Photo Credits:


Essay #8 “In your opinion, what makes up a good movie?”


            In today's time, many of us pass the time inside the malls or inside the movie house. Ever wonder what attracts us to sit and enjoy a movie for at least 2 hours, sometimes more? Is it the handsome actors? The beautiful actresses? The famous locations? The story line  Or is it simply because, we don't have anything better to do?

I myself am not a fan of the movies. I like interactions and activities. But I must admit, every now and then, a certain film will capture my interest. Admittedly, good and famous actors are one of my basis for watching a film. I would feel cheated while sitting and idly watching an actor who can't even act. Another factor would be the films’ story line. I like movies that I can relate to, something realistic. Not too dramatic, and not too brutal.

Nowadays, many film makers adopt famous book novels into movies. These also interest me. I like to see how the director edits the story and see what the highlights of the book are. At the end of the film, I like to compare if there was a big difference between the book and film. If I feel like the movie was more interesting, I believe it's safe to say that it was a good movie. For this reason, the director plays a very important role as much as the actors to make up a good film.

Audiences would have different opinion whether a film is good or not. There are some who would opt not watch a film no matter how good the reviews or no matter how good the actors are. Likewise, many would watch a film over and over just because they enjoy the movie. So what really makes up a good movie?

A movie becomes good in the perspective of its viewer. Movies serve as a form of entertainment. At the end of the day, if you were enticed to sit and watch thru the entire film, then you came out feeling good and entertained. That to me is a good movie.  So if you haven’t watched a good movie, I guess it is not too late to start now.  

Photo Credits to:
http://hollywoodsapien.files.wordpress.com/2012/07/actors.jpg
http://static2.businessinsider.com/image/5075758decad04d478000009-590/vanselow-has-been-liam-neesons-stunt-double-in-everything-from-2000s-gun-shy-to-the-latest-installment-of-taken.jpg
http://shuttercracker.files.wordpress.com/2010/07/new-port-cinemas-38.jpg











Saturday, December 8, 2012

Essay #7 "Are women better parents than men?"

          Women are the light of our houses. While men are the leaders of our houses. Both of them are very important when it comes to child rearing. But who among them is the better parent? Are women really better parents than men?

          We all know that women are usually the ones who stays in the house and raise their children. They usually do the cooking, cleaning, you name it. But are women more effective parents than men? Well, I agree that women are better parents because men are more active and energetic. Instead of staying home and get bored, men go out to work and have fun with friends and colleagues.

          Women generally are sensitive and emotional than men. they will do everything just to make their child comfortable. Women also have passion when they are raising their child/children. Because of this, women do a better job when raising children.

          Men are blessed with strong bodies. They also have better body structure, that is why they are stronger than women. But , that doesn't make men better parents. Strength or body mass index has nothing to do with child rearing, It is about the passion and love of the parent that counts. That is why women are better parents than men.

          Both male and female are unique. They have their strengths and weaknesses. That is why they are perfect for each other. Men have stronger bodies that is why they are perfect for working. While women have a strong sense of emotion and tenderness, having cared for the child during conception. Mother and child have that certain bond that only they can feel. It is what makes them different from men.

Photo Credits to:
http://cdn.mommyish.com/files/2011/06/77005223-300x189.jpg
http://i2.cdn.turner.com/cnn/dam/assets/120116062928-women-parenting-lie-story-top.jpg

Essay #6 "Should sports classes be sacrificed in High School so students can concentrate on Academic subjects?"

          Today's classes are now composed of physical and mental education. Schools have balanced curriculum nowadays. They not only enhance and develop students' IQ (Intelligence Quotient) but also EQ (Emotional Quotient). Since every student has their unique talents and abilities, all aspects of learning should be taught to every student. But can sports classes be sacrificed so they can concentrate on their academics? Will it help them or will it burn them out? 

          Schools are institutions that help form and develop students. This is where a student learn and enhance their skills. But do we really need to sacrifice sports classes for academic classes? Personally, I really don't agree about sacrificing physical education for academic classes. Physical education is really important for us. It is both good for the body and mind. It also serves as a subject of enjoyment and relaxation.

          Physical education is the only subject that includes sports and development. So this is were students who are not academically inclined, enjoy and excel. Sportsmanship which is very important in every individual is acquired here. Sportsmanship is learned and developed through friendly matches/ competitions starting at an early age of 4 or 5. Physical education also includes exercise, which is very important to ones body.

          Yes, academics are also important. Science, Mathematics, English is valuable in preparing for our future. But every individual is unique, there are people that are born to be scientists, mathematicians, musicians and the like. There are also individuals that when trained properly will be a great sportsman. That is why I think that sports classes should not be sacrificed for the concentration of academic subjects.

          Academic learning is important but physical training is equally important. We may develop great Scientists, Mathematicians, etc. but if they are not physically fit to do their work, it is useless. Mental and physical health is important in achieving one's goals in life. So, why do we have to complicate things. Education should be an enjoyable experience. Let us keep it that way.



Photo Credits to:
http://www.fostercity.org/Services/recreation/images/2_Kidz_1.jpg
http://www.enjoyleisure.com/GetImage.aspx?file_id=168&im=4
https://s3.amazonaws.com/plumdistrict.com-production/perks/14821/image/original.jpg?1331169253


          

Friday, December 7, 2012

Essay #5 "Should rich countries pay more for environmental damage?"

          It was a lazy Sunday, feeling sick, i grabbed the Sunday paper and to my surprise... "The world will not end, but the kind of world we know will surely end." written by Jeannie Javelosa. Yes, geological cycles have changed. There has been crisis upon crisis because of global warming as they often say. What can we do about it? Do rich countries really need to pay more for environment damage?
          Rich countries has all the technologies and luxuries in life. They enjoy fully air conditioned buildings and homes. Microwave oven, refrigerators, freezers, you name it, they have it all. But some of these appliances emits harmful radiation. The most infamous of these is the so called Chlorofluorocarbons (CFC) which contributes greatly in ozone depletion.
          Countries like the US, Japan, China have lots of money to finance oil drills, coal extraction and mining in third world countries like ours. They are able to bring our natural resources to their country leaving us with nothing but deluded forests and toxic waste.

          Others say that, they give jobs to our people. They employ locals in the community to do the drilling, extracting and transportation of oils and minerals. Sometimes they bring about developments in the community while they are doing business in the country. But these are minor issues. The destruction that these foreign funded companies does to our country is beyond comprehension. Recent events can at attest to this.

          Well, rich countries contributes to employment and development in countries where they conduct their business. They also contribute to the destruction and extinction of natural resources in these countries. It is just right for rich countries to take responsibility of our destruction of mother earth. Yes, rich countries should pay more for environmental damages since they are responsible to a great percentage of these damages.




Photo Credits to:
http://th01.deviantart.net/fs16/300W/f/2007/155/4/4/global_warming_by_teabing.jpg
http://www.hineslumber.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/10/Environment-logo.jpeg
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Wolfsburg_VW-Werk.jpg/250px-Wolfsburg_VW-Werk.jpg

          

Tuesday, December 4, 2012

Essay #4 "Should children be taught sex education in schools?"

          The family is the basic social institution of every society. This is where values are first acquired and practiced. But with the emerging advancement in technology most parents are unaware that their "babies" are capable of making babies themselves. Most often, parents are not comfortable in teaching sex education to their children. That is why sex education should be taught in schools.
          Young adults nowadays are getting sexually active. Having sex while at the age of 14 even 13 can be viewed in the screen. Sensual photos can be seen in the sidewalk. All these things plus lack of knowledge in the aftermath of sex entices young people to engage in sexual intercourse. The feeling may be wonderful but what if your boyfriend leaves you. What if you get pregnant? What do you do?

          Teenagers who are "out of school" are most prone to teenage pregnancy. The changes in our body and in life when reaching adulthood set the stage for lust. This begins at age 12 where most girls gets their first period. Since they were not taught about the dangers of falling into lust, Girls get pregnant even at the age of 13. The local government should look into this so that no youth will be out of school.

          Some wouldn't agree that sex education should be taught to children at age 12 because according to them the teachers would be putting malice on their children's innocent minds. Of course, the teachers will tell the children that it is bad and should not be done in their current ages. In that case, the children will know that sex is bad and should be avoided. Another positive thing is that the children will not be curious when it comes to those things.

          School, as we all know is a place for learning. When we were toddlers we learned to read and write. We learned a lot as we move through the ladder. This is also the best place to develop mature and responsible individuals. Teaching them sex education at school would be just right because here, they learn not only the positive side but also the negative of it. So why teach sex education elsewhere?

Photo Credits to:
http://thekenyanwoman.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/06/sex-education-kenya.jpg
http://thinkprogress.org/wp-content/uploads/2011/11/Sex-Education_1.jpg
http://voicesofyouth.files.wordpress.com/2010/05/2007-775-failing-sex-education.jpg

Essay #3 "Is animal testing necessary?"

          Animals nowadays are being tested with chemicals and other substances. Substances when mixed with other elements can be medically beneficial to us humans. The purpose is to discover a new drug that could cure advance stages of cancer and other ailments. But is animal testing necessary? Do we have to sacrifice these animals for our benefits?

           Animal testing requires subjecting the animals to a series of studies to discover an unknown effect. This is done in a controlled environment. Here, the animals under experimentation are forced to undergo several tests that are consistently evaluated. With this, the scientists can inform us if a new more enhanced drug has been invented. Another thing is that, people's lives can be saved through animal experimentation.


          Like all other experiments, not all end up a success. Sometimes multiple number of animals are required to know the effects. This is why we cannot experiment on human beings. A scientist needs ti use other forms of living things closest to men. That is why animals are chosen to be the specimen for a specific experimentation.


          People say that using animals in trying to discover modern medicine or advance cure is cruel. Animals have their rights. Well, it would be better for the us to survive longer than the animal raise. That is why we are testing animals not just for the scientist's own benefit but for also the people who think that animals testing is wrong. We must not be carried away by our emotions, we should go back to the reality that we need better medicine in the future.

          Yes, animal testing may not be humane but there is far more greater benefits we can derive from it. Imagine the lives that can be saved as a result of these experiments. Well, if scientists can device a way to make their experiments less stressful and be more animal friendly, then why not? Nothing is impossible these days.

Photo Credits to:
http://newsvitamin.files.wordpress.com/2011/02/rat.jpg
http://www.buzzle.com/img/articleImages/317698-21021-47.jpg
http://www.hsi.org/assets/images/270x224/animals/mice/mouse_held_by_researcher.jpg

Saturday, December 1, 2012

Essay #2 "If children behave badly, should their parents accept responsibility and also be punished?"


          Most children nowadays are more violent and stubborn that their grandparents and even their parents. Children today are treated in luxury and comfort making them spoiled and bratty in the process. This is because parents treat their children in a way that they want to be treated when they were children as well. So, are parents the reason for their child's bad behavior?


          I for one do not think that the parents are the reason for their child's bad behavior. People have different sets of traits that differentiate one another. Which means, even though the parent is raising his/her child in a good way, the child may still grow up to be a person that the parent is not expecting him/her to be. 

          There are many things that can influence a person. The best example of this is peer pressure. The child may be innocent and raised well but if accompanied by bad influences or rebellious peers, the child might become influenced. Of course, the child will not tell his/ her parents' what he/she is doing in order to not get in trouble.


          But is it the parents' fault if they do not know what their child is doing? Parents get to be blamed for their child's wrong behavior? For me, it is not the parents' fault. The child already knows that he/she is doing a bad thing. Why continue doing it? The child's life is not controlled by their parents. The parents' can lecture and remind but it is still the child's choice which path to take. The path to success? Or the path to destruction?

          That is why it is important for parents to develop a good relationship with their children. So that the child would eventually get the guilt feeling whenever he/she is doing something wrong. Children may be getting stubborn these days, but that doesn't mean there is no hope. Every child should be taught and raised carefully. It may be at home or even at school, so that he/she will become a successful person someday.

Photo Credits to:
https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhjHtn2SjEVq5G3oJqKIQvfwVrBLZKmHXRzzttnA-xfS_ZyWZLLpvpNN7GhW_4AJ5YsAtbbga8TGe9-OsQ_azYAMC7VQMU7Ap8BMw5Mh_58UWPfERDg9KEYrdAYfReXDmBuJOhrB1KwSGFk/s1600/Parenting.jpg
http://www.almightydad.com/wp-content/uploads/2010/03/discipline.jpg
http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/photo/12056916.cms

Wednesday, November 28, 2012

Essay #1 "Education is the single most important factor in a development of a country"


          Since the early centuries, education had been practiced by people from all around the world. Education was once ancient but as every year goes by, humans discover new things. Even things that we cannot imagine in our lives to exist. That is why education is very important in our lives. But is education really the reason behind the countries' development? Is education really that important?



          All of us know that we should study hard so that we can have a good future. But is it really a factor in the development of a country? Well yes, I agree that education is really important not only for us but also to our country's development. Every country needs good educators to train and teach its citizen. This can be properly done by providing school buildings suited for learning.

          It is also important that every person should undergo education so that every person so that every person would have a job with a good salary. Literacy is important for a country to be progressive. It is easier to train educated individuals.Meaning they understand faster and can work more efficiently because they know what they have to achieve for the company.
         
          People say that education doesn't have to do with the development of the country. That it is just a system that can contribute to minor developments. They are wrong because it is the people's minds that carry their country to economic growth and development. This can only be achieved through proper education and training.

          With education comes knowledge and wisdom while training develops perseverance, discipline and endurance. All these put together can build a great nation. A nation that is self sufficient with it's people as the main source of greatness.

Photo Credits to:
http://www.ayoungertheatre.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/09/education.jpg
http://www.acclaimimages.com/_gallery/_images_n300/a_cute_cartoon_boy_studying_math.jpg
http://isy6b2011awd.wikispaces.com/file/view/Ancient_Egyptian_Education.jpg/206319102/Ancient_Egyptian_Education.jpg

     


Wednesday, October 17, 2012

TV: Can you live without it?



          I was about 2 years old when I first became aware of the enchanting spell this black box cast on me as I sat on my thinking chair and searched for clues in the form of paw prints. Each press on the controller opened my eyes to new adventures to see! I have been to a land before time where dinosaurs roamed the earth, I've eaten cookies with a monster at sesame's street and I've had sleep overs with three bears and two bananas. 

          But as I grew up, I discovered that this magic box isn't just for seeing exciting things but also a secret portal to a whole new dimension! I started to learn that mushrooms make you taller whilst turtles make u smaller or that hedgehogs are really fast runners and whatever you do, you must never let the squiggly colorful ghosts catch up to you. Eventually, I tried to sought more action - still through my magic box a was able to do slam dunks or a 200 hit combo against wolverine or Hawkeye. I grew up alongside my trusty black box - be it a 14 inch miniature set or a 21 inch flat screen. I didn't care as long as I could go on my adventures. 

          However, as adolescence hit, my magic box didnt seem as magical after all. It wasn't portable so I couldn't bring it around, nor was it capable of multitasking and I had to plug so many things for it to function the way I wanted it to. Slowly, I started deviating from my old pal. Nowadays we rarely get to spend time anymore.

          Looking back, I could say the TV was a huge part of my childhood but it doesn't have much impact to my life right now. As technology advanced through the years the things I enjoyed before with my beloved TV has been outdone by newer, smarter and sleeker gadgets. 

          Suffice it to say, I'm certain that I can live without the good ol' television. Computers, however are a different story. But never will I forget the adventures that I had with this black box. :)


Photo Credits To:
https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgb1gxTRxp9fN3OTovJpqjQBmtqL_fvjlQl9lOo_0mibPxHDcQGYoopJPsSdBkzkqpW-V0eMHNWJzMZqWBzmFQHlBu1F-svpfHhCwqPVUBV1jKK7l5EMwnWhMFT0Zjlv_RDkENCSrP_9N4/s1600/blues+clues.jpg
http://www.clevelandwomen.com/images/misc/kids-watch-tv.jpg

Thursday, October 11, 2012

In your opinion should government intervene in the rights of the individual with regard to family planning?



Family planning – it’s termed this way because it involves exactly one unit of society – the FAMILY. If the government or any other entity should take part in it then it should be called “Societal Planning” instead. If we were living in a perfect world where everyone is mature enough to own their responsibilities, I believe that family planning should be a right and responsibility of respective families and not anybody else’s.

However as we all know, the people in our nation are addicted to playing the blame game. Most families (I’m not saying everyone) especially those who belong to the less marginalized sector of the economy, procreate irresponsibly and are unable to provide for their children the most basic of necessities. Then they point all their fingers and toes to the government for not doing anything! Crazy, right?


If our people continuously behave like this, then I strongly suggest that the government intervene. If we expect the government to take care of its people and put forth their best interests isn’t it fair to expect the same level of responsibility from parents as well?

Cleary, Filipino families are not mature enough to handle this accountability. It might seem unfair to generalize but majority of the Filipino populace are stubborn and mindlessly cling to God’s commandment to “Go and multiply”.

Given this, it is a must that the government invest in properly educating the masses on the significance of family planning and set parameters such as that those who have limited income only be allowed the minimum number of children so they’ll be able to give them proper care and nourishment. This may seem harsh but until we stop acting like children then we should stop making children!

Photo Credits To:

The best way to reduce the number of traffic accidents is to make all young drivers complete a safe driving education course before being licensed to drive.




Road rage, hit and run, reckless driving - we’ve all heard about it, seen it on the news or worse even experienced it. Driving in the Philippines is not just a physical game. It tests you mentally, emotionally and yes even spiritually as you need God’s grace to survive the Manila rush hour.


I assume I’m not the only one whose Dad turns into the hulk when driving along EDSA at 7pm on a Friday. We’ve also been guilty of beating the red light, texting while driving or even falling asleep while on the wheel – trivial everyday things that seem inconsequential until we hear of the latest road catastrophe on the news.



But let’s face it; commuters like us also have our share of blame for at least half of the traffic accidents that happen daily. I mean, that barricade in the middle of the hi-way isn’t an invitation to test our leap frogging skills and that overpass was not built to serve as shade from the sun while we play patintero with the cars along EDSA.

More than a safe driving education course, I suggest that road safety – this includes proper driving and correct pedestrian behavior be taught in high school for junior and senior students as an elective or under P.E. class. Doing so inculcates the value of responsible road usage to the youth at an early age not just for future drivers but for all roads users including pedestrians and commuters as a well.

At the end of the day, I believe that it all boils down to attitude, no matter how much training you’ve undergone, seminars you’ve attended or exams you’ve passed - if road users are not responsible enough then there’s nothing more we can do to minimize these misfortunes on the road.



Photo Credits To:



Friday, October 5, 2012

What should a government do for a country to become successful?

          As of today, our country is getting poorer and poorer each passing day. Many people even die because of hunger each day. There are a lot of kids or teenagers who are still out of school youth. And of course, a lot of unemployed adults roaming the streets and sidewalks. Is this really going to be the future of our country? Is the government going to watch their people die? Why are they only thinking about themselves? Our government should do something about this.

          Our country was once a mighty nation leading their Asian neighbors. Was once, one of the top economic countries not just in Asia but also in the whole world. Now a country without a future. A country that has lost hope, success and greatness. And also one of the most corrupt countries in the world. Did we, the people, become criminals or law breakers to make this country very poor. What I know is, it is not our fault but the government itself is the problem of this country.

          Surely the government should be the one who will help and protect us. Unfortunately, many of the people in government are evil and corrupt. Only thinking about themselves and their families. This is surely an act of selfishness and injustice. What i hate the most is, we have trusted them to make our country a better and more civilized place, but most of them just ruined their reputation.

          Well, it's not just the politicians' fault. The voters are partly to be blamed because they elect officials regardless of their capability to govern. Just like corrupt officials, there are also corrupt voters. The two ingredients put together makes a corrupt government. In the process all of us suffers

          What should a government do for a country to become successful? Well, the answer is simple. Only people with intelligence and the noblest intentions should be qualified to run for government position. Elected officials that are found to be corrupt should be punished and forever be disqualified. However, we should support the programs of the government to be able to achieve a more progressive country.

Photo Credits to:
http://hateandanger.files.wordpress.com/2012/03/government-people-fat-rich-guy-being-spoon-fed-by-poor-starving-guy.jpg
http://static.lolyard.com/lol/people-vs-govt-fishing.jpg

Will modern technology such as the internet ever replace the book or the written word as the main source of information?


          Everywhere I go I see people buried in their kindles, iPads and tablets. Schools have started providing electronic books to students and most of my friends download pdf versions of their favorite novels instead of buying the real thing.

          Nowadays, you can download almost any kind of book or article imaginable! The bible even has its own app for Apple OS, android and BB OS! Honestly, I find it easier and more practical to carry an iPad with 1000 books rather than carry all those leather bound or paperback goodies all at the same time.  And in this fast paced world, people always seek the most efficient and convenient way of doing things. Through the internet, we are able to get up to speed with the latest news - real time. No need to rush to the nearest news stand to be updated!

          I believe that as early as now, technology such as the internet is slowly inching is way to be the main source of information especially among the A,B and upper C socio-economic classes. As we continue to evolve, technology will be made available to more and more people thus paving the way for it to become the ultimate source of information. Though, I doubt that technology will be able to eliminate demand for books or written documents entirely, I strongly believe that its relevance to society’s day to day activities will lessen through the coming years.

Should developing countries concentrate on improving industrial skills or should they promote education first?


          In terms of practicality, I should say that developing nations such as the Philippines must focus on enhancing industrial skills to generate more employment opportunities for its citizens. Demand for blue collar jobs within and outside the country is continuously increasing but not maximized because often than not, there is lack of technical know-how. By equipping society with the proper knowledge and skill in manual labor, we can eventually build expertise and be a manpower hub for progressive countries worldwide.

          However, by concentrating on developing industrial skills alone, emerging countries will remain slaves to progressive nations – forever reliant and stagnant.

          Given this, if we are to prioritize economic growth, stability and independence, then we must invest in proper education. Good education, I believe is the backbone of civilization. Developing countries cannot rely on physical skill alone; they must have a strong mental capacity to be able to make right decisions and sound judgment for the betterment of society.
                
          So, the question is, are we content on just being servants and not masters? Workers and not leaders? Losers and not winners?
                
           I don’t think so.

My Assignment (Last Week)

          Hello sir! I already did my assignment last week... But my account somehow restarted/reset by itself... I really don't know why. So here it is! Uhmm, I really don't know what to say. I just want you to know that I did my assignment. That's all sir! Thanks for reading.